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The Global Village
(article dated from August 1996)
Here at the Capitola Book Café
we're getting a fast lesson in the politics of commerce and public space.
We are currently part of a coalition of local citizens and other business
owners opposed to the construction of yet another shopping mall in our
area--this one to include a Borders bookstore five times larger than
our store. But this is not simply a local issue. Citizens in communities
large and small all over the nation are feeling the effects of chain
store expansion. In the cover story of last month's Atlantic
Monthly, James Howard Kunstler writes: "American's sense that
something is wrong with the places where we live and work and go about
our daily business. We drive up and down the gruesome, tragic suburban
boulevards of commerce, and we're overwhelmed at the fantastic, awesome,
stupefying ugliness of everything in sight--the fry pits, the big-box
stores, the office units, the lube joints, the carpet warehouses, the
parking lagoons, the jive plastic townhouse clusters, the uproar of
signs, the highway itself clogged with cars..." And the issue is not
simply economic or aesthetic; it goes to the heart of our notions of
citizenship, of community, of public morality. Kunstler continues: "The
ugliness is the surface expression of deeper problems--problems that
relate to the issue of our national character. The pattern it represents
is economically catastrophic, an environmental calamity, socially devastating,
and spiritually degrading." As these battles between local citizens
and big business have been waged in recent years, more and more writers,
scholars, and critics have tried to sort out the different sides of
the issue and help readers understand the long term and far reaching
results of local decisions. What follows is a list of just some of the
titles on this topic currently available:
- Jihad vs. McWorld, by Benjamin R. Barber
An elegant analysis of what Barber believes is the central conflict
of our times: consumerist capitalism versus religious and tribal fundamentalism.
The diametrically opposed but strangely intertwined forces are tearing
apart - and bringing together - the world as we know it, undermining
democracy and the nation-state on which it depends.
- Habits of the Heart, by Robert N. Bellah, et.
al.
This is an updated edition of the pivotal study of American life that
was first published in 1985. Back then the authors prescribed a quest
for democratic communities based on our diverse civic and religious
tradition as the cure for what ailed us. In the introduction to the
new book, the authors relate the argument to the current realities
of American society and the growing debate about the country's future.
- How Superstore Sprawl Can Harm Communities: And What Citizens
Can Do About It, by Constance E. Beaumont
(National Trust for Historic Preservation)
Functioning as both a warning about the effects of superstore sprawl,
and a guide for community activists, this book is a wonderful introduction
to the different effects chain businesses have on communities, as
well as the effects communities can have on chain businesses. It provides
pictures and commentary on well-designed downtowns in cities that
have successfully managed the infiltration of chains. For activists,
it lays out step by step plans for fighting a corporate giant threatening
to muscle its way into town, and offers inspiring stories of resourceful
Davids and outwitted Goliaths.
- Habermas and the Public Sphere, edited by Craig
Calhoun
Of recent political theorists and philosophers, Habermas remains the
leading voice on the subject of the public sphere. In this new work,
experts from disciplines across the entire spectrum of the academic
pantheon offer essays, informed by Habermas' thought, which cover
topics such as gender, religion, morality, and the media, all as they
relate to and define the public sphere. As a whole the book is an
investigation into the nature of community, what it is, and what it
should be. It is a must read for anyone seeking to understand and
impact the social realm of a modern capitalist society.
- Trust, by Francis Fukuyama
Challenging orthodoxies of both the left and right, the author examines
a wide range of national cultures in order to divine the underlying
principles that foster social and economic prosperity. Insisting that
we cannot divorce economic life from cultural life, he contends that
in an era when social capital may be as important as physical capital,
only those societies with a high degree of social trust will be able
to create the flexible, large-scale business organizations that are
needed to compete in the new global economy.
- Americans No More, by Georgie
Anne Geyer
Asks what has become of the sense of "citizenship" - the connection
between people and nation that is more than the mere convenience of
carrying a passport or being eligible for public benefits. Citizenship,
according to Geyer, involves not just pride in or comfort with a certain
culture but also a sense of shared obligations for its long-term survival
and health. This obligation is what is withering away.
- Building a Win-Win World, by Hazel Henderson
The author shows how the global economy is unsustainable because of
its negative effects on employees, families, communities, and the
ecosystem. She posits that our thoughts on the global economy avoid
the responsibility for the radical and usually damaging changes brought
about by unchecked expansion into new markets. We still do business
under the aegis of the war paradigm, setting out to infiltrate, divide,
conquer, and this line of thought is horribly outdated. The author
offers new ways of thinking about the global economy that bring sustainability,
improved health and prosperity to those it impacts.
- Divided We Fall, by Haynes Johnson
The Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist has traveled the country interviewing
Americans about their hopes and concerns regarding jobs, crime, race,
and education. In this work, he offers a deep analysis of the direction
of American culture and politics based on what he learns. In the end
the book urges us to join together, and face the inevitable changes
that we a society must make to survive.
- Geography of Nowhere, by James Howard Kunstler
By the authors who write for the liberal journal, The American
Prospect, this collection points to the deep sources of unease
Americans feel about our economic future and about the competence
of government to solve collective problems. Included is Robert Putman's
essay on Bowling Alone where he suggests the civil society as well
as politics is unraveling. People spend less time on everything from
PTA's to bowling leagues. As economic pressures claim more and more
available time, and as market forms of organization drive out civic
forms, the social fabric becomes threadbare.
- The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy,
by Christopher Lasch
The author makes his most accessible critique yet of what is wrong
with the values and beliefs of America's professional and managerial
classes. He argues that democracy today is threatened not by the masses,
but by the elites. These elites, mobile and increasingly global in
outlook, refuse to accept limit or ties to nation and place. As they
isolate themselves in their networks and enclaves, they abandon the
middle class, divide the nation, and betray the idea of a democracy
for all America's citizens.
- The Next American Nation, by Michael Lind
The author takes on the question of our national identity and suggests
that the forces of nationalism and the ideal of a trans-racial melting
pot need not be in conflict with one another. He provides a practical
agenda for a liberal nationalist revolution that would combine a new
color-blind liberalism in civil rights with practical measures for
reducing class-based barriers to racial integration. His critique
is sharp and to the point and sure to alter your sense of America's
identity.
- The Case Against the Global Economy, edited
by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith
Bringing together a host of different authors, including Wendell Berry,
Ralph Nader, and William Grieder, this work seeks first to clarify
the form of what is being called the "global economy," and to show
how the rush toward globalization is likely to affect our lives. Secondly,
it suggests that this process should be brought to a halt as soon
as possible, and reversed. We are being asked to believe that the
development processes that have made people poorer and increased the
devastation on the planet will now lead to diametrically different
and highly beneficial outcomes, if only they can be accelerated and
applied everywhere, freely, without restriction. As a whole, it is
an alarming book on the most urgent of topics.
- Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy,
by Robert
D. Putnam
The author and his collaborators offer empirical evidence for the
importance of "civic community" in developing successful institutions.
Their focus is on a unique experiment begun in 1970 when Italy created
new governments for each of its regions. After spending two decades
analyzing the efficacy of these governments in such fields as agriculture,
housing, and health services, they reveal patterns of associationism,
trust, and cooperation that facilitate good governance and economic
prosperity.
- Democracy's
Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy,
by Michael
Sandel
The author tackles the question of why - during a period of such unprecedented
affluence and greater social justice for women and minorities - American
politics are so rife with discontent. What he finds is that our view
of citizenship, of civic responsibility, is not adequate for a self-governing
nation. Looking back over our history, Sandel recalls the arguments
of such thinkers as Jefferson and Hamilton, Lincoln and Douglas, Holmes
and Brandeis, with the goal of reinventing and reinvigorating our
civic philosophy and thus enriching our lives as citizens.
- Alternatives to Sprawl, by Dwight Young
This is a policy report published by the Lincoln
Institute of Land Policy. It's based on several workshops and
conferences designed to bridge the gap between theory and practice
regarding urban development. It is an excellently detailed and illustrated
look at what city planners, architects and citizens face when deciding
what to build in their community and where to build it. It also illuminates
some of the culprits that encourage urban sprawl, the greatest of
these being the American Dream.
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